When Michel Espinoza met a return customer at a motel to sell $30,000 worth of Bitcoin, he didn’t know he’d later star in a grainy police surveillance video of that encounter, which would be used as evidence against him in a first-of-its-kind Florida prosecution linking digital currency to criminal enterprise.

Espinoza faces three criminal charges —operating as an unauthorized money transmitter and two counts of money laundering—in a case of first impression playing out before Miami-Dade Circuit Judge Teresa Pooler.