Attorneys on the ground dealing with President Barack Obama’s executive order deferring the deportation of up to 5 million undocumented immigrant say they are concerned about unscrupulous “notarios,” notary publics who prey on people seeking legal status.

While some Republicans accuse the Democratic president of acting like a monarch and Obama challenges a do-nothing Congress to pass meaningful immigration reform, lawyers in the field have other concerns. Besides the potential for notario fraud, the president’s plan has gray areas that muddy prospects for individual relief.