A "novel and difficult" constitutional question — one neither the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit nor the United States Supreme Court had ruled on before — was answered by the Eleventh Circuit in a case handled by a University of Miami law clinic.
The court found a defendant has the right to confront the foreign language interpreter about statements to law enforcement during interrogation because the interpreter is the declarant of the translations, which are testimonial in and of themselves.
